This research presents a practical markerless motion capture method and uses motion estimation for developing an entrance guard system. In recent years, markerless motion capture is used to track human motions in various applications, from entertainment to surveillance. The markerless-based technology is more flexible and less cumbersome in comparison
with marker-based optical systems. In the first step, a binary image is calculated to carry out background subtraction and region partition. Afterward, we reconstruct an articulated skeleton model to measure the model-to-image similarity with the binary image to possess locations of the specific end joints. In addition, a decision tree is defined in advance to facilitate pose estimation. As a result, a valid or invalid command can be determined to control the door lock through the proposed entrance guard system. The current experiments demonstrate that this method can capture human motions and applies to the entrance guard system.

1. S. Choppin. (n.d.). Engineering sport blog [online]. Available: https://goo.gl/MKke4k
   
2. R. Li, T. P. Tian, S. Sclaroff and M. H. Yang, “3d human motion tracking with a coordinated mixture of factor analyzers,” International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 170-190, 2010. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0283-4
   
3. C. S. Lee and A. Elgammal, “Coupled visual and kinematic manifold models for tracking,” International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 118-139, 2010. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0266-5
   
4.  L. Bo and C. Sminchisescu, “Twin gaussian processes for structured prediction,” International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 28-52, 2010. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-008-0204-y
   
5. A. Bissacco, M. H. Yang and S. Soatto, “Fast human pose estimation using appearance and motion via multi-dimensional boosting regression,” in IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2007, pp. 1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2007.383129
   
6. M. Van Den Bergh, E. Koller-Meier and L. Van Gool, “Real-time body pose recognition using 2D or 3D haarlets,” International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 72-84, 2009. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-009-0218-0
   
7. D. Moschini and A. Fusiello, “Tracking human motion with multiple cameras using an articulated model,” in International Conference on Computer Vision/Computer Graphics Collaboration Techniques and Applications, 2009, pp. 1-12. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01811-4_1
   
8. P. Kohli, J. Rihan, M. Bray and P. H. Torr, “ Simultaneous segmentation and pose estimation of humans using dynamic graph cuts,” International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 285-298, 2008. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11263-007-0120-6
   
9. A. Sundaresan and R. Chellappa, “Model driven segmentation of articulating humans in Laplacian Eigenspace,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1771-1785, 2008. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2007.70823   PMid:18703830
   
10. F. Caillette, A. Galata and T. Howard, “Real-time 3-D human body tracking using learnt models of behaviour,” Computer Vision and Image Understanding, vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 112-125,2008. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2007.05.005
    
11. J. Gall, C. Stoll, E. De Aguiar, C. Theobalt, B. Rosenhahn and H. P. Seidel, “Motion capture using joint skeleton tracking and surface estimation,” in IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2009, pp. 1746-1753. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206755
    
12. K. Ogawara, X. Li and K. Ikeuchi, “Marker-less human motion estimation using articulated deformable model,” in Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2007, pp. 46-51. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/robot.2007.363763
13. D. H. AlSaeed, A. Bouridane, A. ElZaart and R. Sammouda, “Two modified Otsu image segmentation methods based on Lognormal and Gamma distribution models,” in International Conference on Information Technology and e-Services (ICITeS), 2012, pp. 1-5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icites.2012.6216680
    
14. L. Ballan and G. M. Cortelazzo, “Marker-less motion capture of skinned models in a four camera set-up using optical flow and silhouettes,” in Proceedings of 3DPVT’08 – the Fourth International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission, Atlanta, GA, 2008. PMCid:PMC2632059

T. Lu, K. Sung and B. Jiang “Markerless motion capture for entrance guard systems,” International Journal of Technology and Engineering Studies, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 172-179, 2016.