Cloaking, camouflage or invisibility in microwave regime can be attained by canceling the electric (E) and magnetic(M) fields created, or by moulding the EM waves about the target. Guiding the EM wave is shifting or creating a change in the coordinate system such that, inside of the cloak remains hollow, at all points down to origin, the EM field will become zero, creating invisibility in the inside shell region. This type of invisibility can be achieved by meta-materials which comprise of negative values of permittivity (G) and permeability (µ) and therefore negative refractive index, hence they are also known as double-negative materials (DNG). They were first analyzed theoretically in 1967 by a Russian physicist, Victor Veselago. These materials are not found naturally as the Greek word meta itself means altered or changed and are supposed to be manufactured artificially. In recent years, a lot of research and theoretical work has been done on the designing, formation, and practical application and implementation of double-negative materials or meta-materials. This paper is a survey type and consists of three parts. In the first part, classification of naturally occurring materials and meta-materials based on permittivity and permeability is done and clear differentiation between naturally occurring and artificially constructed materials is made evident. In the second part, characteristics and designing (unit cell) of meta-materials through the most common or conventional method is done, some of the mathematical aspects are also discussed and compared. In the third part, the vast scope and applications of meta-materials are discussed and mentioned. In the respective research that has been conducted, reliability, convenience and conservation of energy and resources through the usage of meta-materials in various conventional and practical fields is made evident. Complete and ideal designing, and development of a perfect metamaterial has not yet been successfully achieved, but day by day, an improvement is made, and the use of these materials in various forms can really make a significant and positive difference in the present and future.

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