The Impact of Intrinsic Rewards on Employee Engagement in The Food Industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Volume 8, Issue 3 Adi Skopak, Nereida Hadzaihmetovic
Published online: 03 September 2022
Article Views: 20

AbstractReferencesCite The purpose of this study is to research and examine the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction of employees in the food industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As a quantitative research study, the survey method is used with a developed questionnaire for the primary data collection. The questionnaire is adopted from valid sources, contributing to leadership and job satisfaction worldwide. Using the convenience sampling method, 210 valid responses are obtained and analyzed using the Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Transformational and transactional leadership styles contribute to employees’ job satisfaction in food industry companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results showed that contingent reward contributes to job satisfaction when it comes to transactional leadership style, while idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration contribute to job satisfaction when the transformational leadership style is practiced. This research can be applied in any company, with particular benefits for human resource management. The practical implications of this research indicate that the answers to the questions asked fully supported the assumption of the importance of choosing leadership style as the company’s essence. The findings of this research contribute to the overall image and information on the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction. This study also lays the groundwork and serves as a starting point for future research and examining the relationship between leadership styles and job satisfaction. This study’s data is useful for Bosnia and Herzegovina’s food industry, as there has previously been no data recorded.
- Abd Rahman, A. S. B. (2021). Leadership styles and job satisfaction among employees. Electronic Journal of Business and Management, 6(1), 39–59.
- Abelha, D. M., Carneiro, P. C. d. C., & Cavazotte, F. d. S. C. N. (2018). Transformational leadership and job satisfaction: Assessing the influence of organizational contextual factors and individual characteristics. Revista Brasileira de Gestão de Negócios, 20, 516-532. doi:https://doi.org/10.7819/rbgn.v0i0.3949
- Ahmad, T., & Waheed, M. (2015). Cloud computing adoption issues and applications in developing countries: A qualitative approach. International Arab Journal of e-Technology, 4(2), 84–93.
- Allen, R. W., Porter, L. W., & Angle, H. L. (2003). Organizational influence processes. England, UK: M.E. Sharpe.
- Allozi, A., Alshurideh, M., AlHamad, A., & Al Kurdi, B. (2022). Impact of transformational leadership on the job satisfaction with the moderating role of organizational commitment: Case of UAE and Jordan manufacturing companies. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 21, 1–13.
- Alonderiene, R., & Majauskaite, M. (2016). Leadership style and job satisfaction in higher education institutions. International Journal of Educational Management, 30(1), 140-164. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2014-0106
- Anjum, A., Ming, X., Siddiqi, A. F., & Rasool, S. F. (2018). An empirical study analyzing job productivity in toxic workplace environments. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(5), 1-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15051035
- Aras, R. A., & Jufri, M. (2022). The effects of leadership style on employees’ job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior across hierarchical levels. In Interdisciplinary Conference of Psychology, Health, and Social Science (ICPHS 2021), Makassar, Indonesia. doi:https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220203.034
- Asghar, S., & Oino, I. (2018). Leadership styles and job satisfaction. Market Forces, 13(1), 1–13.
- Avolio, B. J., Zhu, W., Koh, W., & Bhatia, P. (2004). Transformational leadership and organizational commitment: Mediating role of psychological empowerment and moderating role of structural distance. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 25(8), 951–968. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/job.283
- Bass, B. M. (1990). From transactional to transformational leadership: Learning to share the vision. Organizational Dynamics, 18(3), 19–31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(90)90061-S
- Belias, D., Rossidis, I., Papademetriou, C., & Mantas, C. (2022). Job satisfaction as affected by types of leadership: A case study of Greek tourism sector. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 23(2), 299–317. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2020.1867695
- Bolyen, E., Rideout, J. R., Dillon, M. R., Bokulich, N. A., Abnet, C. C., Al-Ghalith, G. A., . . . others (2019). Reproducible, interactive, scalable and extensible microbiome data science using QIIME 2. Nature Biotechnology, 37(8), 852–857. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0209-9
- Brown, S. P., & Peterson, R. A. (1993). Antecedents and consequences of salesperson job satisfaction: Meta-analysis and assessment of causal effects. Journal of Marketing Research, 30(1), 63–77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379303000106
- Bryman, A. (1992). Charisma and leadership in organizations. London, UK: Sage Publications.
- Chen, L. (2004). Examining the effect of organizational culture and leadership behavior on commitment, job satisfaction, and job performance at small and medium-sized firms in Taiwan. Journal of American Acedemy of Business, 5, 432–438.
- Clark, R. A., Hartline, M. D., & Jones, K. C. (2009). The effects of leadership style on hotel employees’ commitment to service quality. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 50(2), 209–231. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1938965508315371
- Deschamps, J.-P. (2005). Different leadership skills for different innovation strategies. Strategy & Leadership, 33(5), 31-38. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570510616861
- Farooq, A. J., Akhtar, S., Hijazi, S., & Khan, M. (2010). Impact of advertisement on children behavior: Evidence from Pakistan. European Journal of Social Sciences, 12(4), 663–670.
- Fauzia, M., Farooq, A. J., & Farooq, A. (2012). Consumer trust in e-commerce: A study of consumer perceptions in Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 6(7), 2516–2528. doi:https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.080
- Hamidifar, F. (2010). A study of the relationship between leadership styles and employee job satisfaction at IAU in Tehran, Iran. Au-GSB e-Journal, 3(1), 45-58.
- Haq, I., Ramay, M. I., Rehman, M. A. U., & Jam, F. A. (2010). Big five personality and perceived customer relationship management. Research Journal of International Studies, 15, 37–45.
- Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. H. (1982). Grid R principles and situationalism: Both! a response to Blake and Mouton. Group & Organization Studies, 7(2), 207–210. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/105960118200700207
- Jam, F. A., Donia, M. B., Raja, U., & Ling, C. H. (2017). A time-lagged study on the moderating role of overall satisfaction in perceived politics: Job outcomes relationships. Journal of Management & Organization, 23(3), 321–336. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2016.13
- Jam, F. A., Khan, T. I., Zaidi, B. H., & Muzaffar, S. M. (2011). Political skills moderates the relationship between perception of organizational politics and job outcomes. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 1(4), 57–57.
- Jones, G., & George, J. (2016). Contemporary management. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
- Khan, T. I., Akbar, A., Jam, F. A., & Saeed, M. M. (2016). A time-lagged study of the relationship between big five personality and ethical ideology. Ethics & Behavior, 26(6), 488–506. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2015.1055493
- Kouni, Z., Koutsoukos, M., & Panta, D. (2018). Transformational leadership and job satisfaction: The case of secondary education teachers in Greece. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(10), 158–168.
- Lan, T.-S., Chang, I.-H., Ma, T.-C., Zhang, L.-P., & Chuang, K.-C. (2019). Influences of transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and patriarchal leadership on job satisfaction of cram school faculty members. Sustainability, 11(12), 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123465
- Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Chicago, IL: Rand McNally College Publishing Company.
- Long, C. S., & Thean, L. Y. (2011). Relationship between leadership style, job satisfaction and employees’ turnover intention: A literature review. Research Journal of Business Management, 5(3), 91–100. doi:https://doi.org/10.3923/rjbm.2011.91.100
- Madlock, P. (2006). Supervisors’ nonverbal immediacy behaviors and their relationship to subordinates’ communication satisfaction, job satisfaction, and willingness to collaborate. In National Communication Association Convention, San Antonio, TX.
- Mahmood, A., Arshad Ali, A., Nazam, M., & Nazim, M. (2021). Developing an interplay among the psychological barriers for the adoption of industry 4.0 phenomenon. PloS One, 16(8), 1-26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255115
- Moore, G. A. (2007). Dealing with Darwin: How great companies innovate at every phase of their evolution. Strategic Direction, 23(9). doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/sd.2007.05623iae.001
- Mwesigwa, R., Tusiime, I., & Ssekiziyivu, B. (2020). Leadership styles, job satisfaction and organizational commitment among academic staff in public universities. Journal of Management Development, 39(2), 253-268. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-02-2018-0055
- Myers, J. H., & Mullet, G. M. (2003). Managerial applications of multivariate analysis in marketing. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association.
- Pourshahid, A., Johari, I., Richards, G., Amyot, D., & Akhigbe, O. S. (2014). A goal-oriented, business intelligence-supported decision-making methodology. Decision Analytics, 1(1), 1–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40165-014-0009-8
- Puspa, T., Murtiningsih, R. S., Cirealkita, A., Amani, A. D., Lestari, G. D. F., & Widyanti, T. (2019). The influence of transformational leadership style on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Telaah Bisnis, 18(2), 83-96. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.35917/tb.v18i2.99
- Riaz, A., & Haider, M. H. (2010). Role of transformational and transactional leadership on job satisfaction and career satisfaction. Business and Economic Horizons, 1(1), 29–38.
- Roelofsen, P. (2002). The impact of office environments on employee performance: The design of the workplace as a strategy for productivity enhancement. Journal of Facilities Management, 1(3), 247-264. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/14725960310807944
- Rossmiller, R. A. (1992). The secondary school principal and teachers’ quality of work life. Educational Management & Administration, 20(3), 132–146. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/174114329202000302
- Rothfelder, K., Ottenbacher, M. C., & Harrington, R. J. (2012). The impact of transformational, transactional and non-leadership styles on employee job satisfaction in the German hospitality industry. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 12(4), 201–214. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358413493636
- Sakiru, O. K., D’Silva, J. L., Othman, J., DaudSilong, A., & Busayo, A. T. (2013). Leadership styles and job satisfaction among employees in small and medium enterprises. International Journal of Business and Management, 8(13), 34-41.
- Shi, K., Chen, W., Xu, C., & Jones, W. D. (2012). Effectiveness of transformational leadership and transactional leadership in higher education in China. In China’s reality and global vision: Management research and development in China. Singapore: World Scientific. doi:https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814287913_0016
- Silins, H., & Mulford, B. (2002). Schools as learning organisations: The case for system, teacher and student learning. Journal of educational administration, 40(5), 425-446. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230210440285
- Spitzbart, I. (2013). The impact of transactional versus transformational leadership on job satisfaction in the hotel industry. Research in Hospitality Management, 3(1), 69–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/22243534.2013.11828305
- Sunarsi, D., Paramarta, V., Munawaroh, A. R., Bagaskoro, J. N., & Evalina, J. (2021). Effect of transformational, transactional leadership and job satisfaction: Evidence from information technology industries. Information Technology In Industry, 9(1), 987–996. doi:https://doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i1.232
- Voon, M. L., Lo, M. C., Ngui, K. S., & Ayob, N. B. (2011). The influence of leadership styles on employees’ job satisfaction in public sector organizations in Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Management and Social Sciences, 2(1), 24–32.
- Waheed, M., & Hussain, M. F. (2010). Empirical study of learner contentment towards e-learning: Influential role of key factors. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3ByVmCL
- Waheed, M., & Kaur, K. (2016). Knowledge quality: A review and a revised conceptual model. Information Development, 32(3), 271–284. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666914539694
- Waheed, M., & Kaur, K. (2019). Students’ perceptual quality standards for judging knowledge quality: Development and validation of a perceived e-learning knowledge quality scale. Information Development, 35(2), 319–332. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666917744370
- Waheed, M., Kaur, K., & Kumar, S. (2016). What role does knowledge quality play in online students’ satisfaction, learning and loyalty? An empirical investigation in an elearning context. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 32(6), 561–575. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12153
- Waheed, M., Kaur, K., & Qazi, A. (2016). Students’ perspective on knowledge quality in elearning context: A qualitative assessment. Internet Research, 26(1), 120-145. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-08-2014-0199
- Widodo, D. S., Silitonga, P. E. S., & Azahra, D. (2019). The influence of transactional leadership to employee job motivation and satisfaction in Jakarta stock exchange. International Journal of Governmental Studies and Humanities, 2(1), 38-46. doi:https://doi.org/10.33701/ijgh.v2i1.568
Skopak, A., & Hadzaihmetovic, N. (2022). The impact of transformational and transactional leadership style on employee job satisfaction. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 8(3), 113-126 doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.20469/ijbas.8.10001-3
|