International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies (IJBAS) is official journal sponsored by Academic Research and Solutions Sociedad (ARS), Barcelona Catalonia, Spain.

Article Processing Charges

IJBAS publishes all the articles in open access which are free to access, read and print. This convenience is made possible by sponsorship amount coming from Academic Research and Solutions Sociedad (ARS) Catalunya and other academic and research societies that covers the costs of various publishing services and facilities such as online tools for editors and authors, article production and hosting, liaison with abstracting and indexing services, and customer services. There is no charge for submitting/publishing a manuscript in the International Journal of and Business and Administrative Studies (IJBAS). In addition, there is no subscription fee.

Editors are responsible to ensure:

• In order to guarantee the eminence of research all steps required for evaluation are properly followed. In the same sense the decision regarding acceptance, rejection, major and minor revision is followed by the standard quality guidelines of journal.
• While submission of paper author has to clarify that the pertinent work is not under consideration for publication anywhere else. Along with this Editor along with any other relevant person is not permitted to submit the particular work with anyone else other than corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers and the publisher.
• The use of unpublished research work is followed by the proper written consent of the original author.
• The evaluation of the manuscript is solely based upon the eminence of research incorporated in the paper and is completely free from any bias.

Reviewers will have following obligations:

• The efficient blinded peer review process makes significant input in the decisions of editors as well as offers opportunity to improve the work as per quality standard.
• All the manuscripts submitted for peer review necessarily should be taken as secret essays and should not be disclosed to third person other than an authoritative person by the editor.
• If it is not possible for the concerned reviewer to review the manuscript within stated time, then he/she must inform the editor or if reviewer feels that he/she is lacking subject expertise required to review the particular manuscript then he/she has responsibility to share it with the editor.
• The reviewer should necessarily evaluate that all cited research work whether is backed by the already published work or not. It is obligatory for reviewer that all material cited in the article is supported with the sufficient citations and should dig out the work that has already been published but not cited by the author. If reviewer comes to know any association between the submitted manuscript and any already published work about which they have personal information, then reviewer must report to editor.
• Personal critique on author is not allowed. Referees views should be supporting for the authors.

Authors must know that:

• The manuscripts having plagiarism above the tolerable levels are not considered for the review. Relevant person should check the plagiarism with keen attention in order to ensure the originality of the manuscript.
• Author should ensure that submitted work is not under consideration for review with intention of final publication with any other journal. It is unethical in research that single work should be under consideration for review with multiple journals.
• Authors have responsibility to clearly mention about the possible reaction of the chemicals, procedures or equipment used in the research if applicable.
• The authorship of the manuscript should be limited towards the real contributor of the paper. Authors’ names should be followed by level of their contribution. The corresponding author of the paper must ensure that all authors are original authors.

Academic Research and Solutions Sociedad (ARS) sponsors all costs associated with publishing an Open Access article in the International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies (IJBAS). IJBAS is published under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND).

Naming authors on research articles confirms that the individuals who actually contribute get credit, and are responsible, for the research. When scientists’ relationships with respect to their work are misrepresented intentionally, it leads to misconduct that drastically affects the reporting of research work.

We believe, in the face of the prevailing challenges to authorship, its indispensable to set certain rules to manage authorship. No universal definition of authorship exists. However, an “author” is generally defined as an individual who has significantly contributed to the research work.

As per the guidelines established by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), all individuals credited as authors must meet the set criteria for authorship that consists of following basic three points:

• Substantial Intellectual contribution in the study idea, conceptual framework, data collection and analysis and results interpretation.
• Draft or revise the article for conceptual content.
• Approve the final form of manuscript for publication.

A “co-author” is considered to be any person who significantly participate in the scholarly work and who is also responsible and accountable for the research results.
There are some other general guidelines that must be follow and vary from field to field.

1. Authors for journal article must take confirmation from all co-authors for authority and to act on their behalf.
2. The order for authorship must be based on a joint decision of all co-authors.
3. Other individuals who do not fulfil the authorship criteria but are involved in reported work, should be listed as “Contributors”.

When a manuscript has been prepared collectively by two or multiple authors, KKG needs a “Corresponding author” to be selected because it seems impractical for KKG to get names for all co-authors to sign the Publishing Agreement warranties.
While signing a publishing Agreement, the Corresponding Author confirms that:

1. All co-authors have authorized him/her to act on their behalf as an agent.
2. All co-authors have conveyed their consent that he/she can sign the Publishing Agreement as their agent.
3. The order of names is approved by all co-authors.

When the authorship issues are not properly addressed, it can give rise to disputes. These disputes may be based on misconduct such as misrepresenting one’s role or some may be due to question of interpretation regarding substantiality of others contributions. In addition, non-listing of contributors, displaying or removing one’s name without his/her permission may also become a potential issue.

In cases when complains are files over certain disputes, an editor may conduct an investigation with author’s institution to resolve the issue.

Once the article has been accepted, no changes whether addition or removal of a co-author will be allowed. The corresponding author will be responsible and accountable that all information given against co-authors like email, address and contact number are correct.

Information for Authors

All submissions should be done through Word Processing file from which title page (including author name and affiliation and any acknowledgments or author notes) must be removed. After removing the author(s) detail go to the web site here and follow the directions. Each article usually has two part, i. Main Manuscript and ii. Title Page not for Review. The manuscript should include everything (i.e. title, abstract, key words, introduction, literature review, methods, results, findings references, tables and graphs) other than the authors, names, affiliation, addresses, acknowledgements, and any other information that may be used to identify the author(s).

Criteria for Publication

For the publication in IJBAS, a manuscript must make strong theoretical and empirical contributions to the field of business. Authors who are interested in publishing with IJBAS should strive to produce original, interesting, valuable, insightful, and important research. The acceptance of article for publication highly depends upon the originality, value, importance, and significance. Submissions that do not have strong theoretical or empirical contribution will not be reviewed.

Each submitted manuscript would be assigned to action editor for evaluation. The action editor will decide whether to forward the manuscript to the reviewers. Typically, papers should be no longer than 40 double-spaced pages (using one-inch margins, left aligned, and Times New Roman 12-point font) including references, tables, figures, and appendices.

Submission Requirements

Before submitting a manuscript to IJBAS, the authors must make sure and confirm that,

• All authors have significantly contributed to the research.
• All authors are obliged to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes, in case of detection.
• List of references should be provided by authors.
• Information on financial support should be provided by authors.
• Their manuscript has not already been published, reviewed and submitted to any other journal during the review period at IJBAS. Articles presented and published in the proceedings of any academic conferences or workshops will be considered for publication in IJBAS.
• Their manuscript has not previously been submitted to IBAS for review.
• The working papers or prior drafts of submitted manuscript that are posted on a website (e.g., personal, departmental, university, organizational) or a database will be taken down during the review process.

Manuscript Preparation

Authors are required to prepare manuscripts in accordance with the Journal’s style guides for authors that appear below. If authors do not follow the guidelines, then their manuscript will be sent back to them for revision prior to submission to the full review process. All manuscript must be submitted in Microsoft Word form.

Template

The author can download the manuscript template here.

Publication of Accepted Articles

Accepted papers are copy-edited. Authors review edits in page proofs. IJBAS’s copy editor–production manager will contact you after the acceptance of your manuscript for publication. Manuscripts should be typed in a 12-point, Times New Roman font. They must be double spaced (including references, appendices, tables, and figures). This information should be right justified. Pages should measure 8.5 by 11 inches. Manuscript length should be limited to 50 pages inclusive of references, appendices, tables and figures.

Title

Title of the study should be written in 15 to 20 words. A title should be short, simple, easy to understand, and should be commonly searchable in Google. Don’t use a title that never comes in the mind of a reader.

Abstract

The following subheadings should be written exclusively within 300 words. So readers can follow this article quickly. If the abstract standard is not adequate, only the first stage can be revised.

1. The research objective: Simply say the intent of this study to readers.
2. Methods: name, brand, tool design, approach, program, analysis, and survey used to carry out this research.
3. Major conclusions: Write in just a few words the principal findings.
4. Applications of this research: give the field name, disciplines etc. Where this study can be helpful.
5. Newness/originality of this research: What fresh insight in this study can help readers or how current knowledge can be improved or new knowledge generated in this subject.

Only add in each field the related information. There is no need for discussion or explanation.

Keywords:
5 to 6 very specific keywords should be given. Avoid big phrases.

Main Document

The principal divisions of the manuscript should appear in the following order: body of the article, references, footnotes, tables, figures, and appendices. The body of the article begins immediately on page 1. The title of the paper should appear at the top of this first page. It should be centered, bold-faced, and in all capital letters. Number all pages, including those with references, appendices, tables, and figures. Group these, in the order just given, on separate pages at the end of the article. All main body paragraphs should be indented.
The manuscript (body, references, footnotes, table, figures and appendices) will be uploaded to the IJBAS as a single document called “main document” during the electronic submission process.

Headings

Main headings should be used to designate the major sections of an article. Within the main body of the paper, the major headings typically include such things as INTRODUCTION, METHOD, RESULTS, and DISCUSSION. Supporting material, such as references, tables, and appendices are also treated as major headings. In all cases, major headings should be centered, bold-faced, and typed in all capital letters.

INTRODUCTION

Objectives of the Study
Secondary headings should be typed flush with the left margin, in title case (small letters with major words beginning with capitals), and in bold. Example:
Data and sample: Third-order or paragraph headings should begin with a standard paragraph indention, be typed in sentence case (small letters with only the initial word capitalized), followed by a period, and in bold. The text should follow on the same line.
Tables and Figures
Useful tables and figures do not duplicate the text; they supplement and clarify it. Because tables and figures are considerably more expensive to prepare for publication than text, please carefully consider what they add to your manuscript’s impact.
Place each table or figure on a separate page. Double-space all text. Number tables and figures consecutively (one series for tables, one for figures) from the beginning to the end of the article. Indicate the position of each in the text as follows:

——————————
Insert Table 2 about here
——————————

Table Checklist

1. Center the word Table (in title case) and the number of the table (Arabic numeral) at the top of the page.
2. Center the title (in title case) under the table heading.
3. Report the results of only one type of analysis in each table.
4. Range headings across the top of the table. Do not add new headings in the body of the table.
5. Do not use abbreviations or computer code names for variables. Also, please do not use table notes. Use the same names you used in the text.
6. Use only two decimal places for statistics (except p-values, see next).
7. All reported statistical estimates (e.g., regression weights, mean differences) must have corresponding standard errors, and inferential statistics (t, z, or F, depending on which is most pertinent) with precise p values reported (e.g., p = .072, rounded to the third decimal place) rather than in star notation (*) or statistical significant cutoff bands (e.g., p < .05).
8. For most articles, the first table should report descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and a full correlation matrix. Correlations should fill the lower-left corner of the page.
9. To distinguish some numerals (for instance, to indicate which loadings define a factor), boldface type can be used. Do not use this option when other conventions, such as footnotes, are sufficient.
10. Use plain type in capital and small letters—no italic or bold, except as noted above.
11. Designate a general footnote that explains the whole table or a column, row, or item with a superscript small letter (a, b, c).

Figure Checklist

1. Center the word Figure (in title case) and the number of the figure (Arabic numeral) at the top of the page.
2. Center the title (in title case) under the Figure heading.
3. Spell out all words in the body of the figure.
4. Use the same variable names you used in the tables and text.
5. Avoid stacking words or numbers (listing characters vertically).
6. Make sure lines and graphic elements are crisp and clear.
7. Use letters for footnotes, as in tables.

Citations
Giving proper credit to the sources of original ideas and previous work is an important aspect of good scholarship. Inappropriate or inaccurate citations do not do justice to the authors cited and can be misleading to readers.
Citations should be made in the text by enclosing the cited authors’ names and the year of the work cited in parentheses.

Example:
Several studies (Ferris & Kacmar, 1992; Malhotra & Bazerman, 2008; Morrison, 1993a, 1993b) support this conclusion.

Please note the use of alphabetical order and ampersands. Also note that two or more works by the same author (or by an identical group of authors) published in the same year are distinguished by “a,” “b,” etc., added after the year.

Citations to the source of a direct quotation must give a page number or numbers; these follow the date of publication and are separated from it by a colon. Example: Adams has said that writing a book is “a long and arduous task” (1974: 3). Also cite page numbers when you paraphrase or summarize specific arguments or findings of authors.

If a work has two authors, give both names every time the work is cited in the text. If a work has between two and six authors, list all authors the first time it is cited, then use “et al.”

Example:
According to Cropanzano, Rupp, and Byrne, (2003) emotional exhaustion is related to work attitudes. (first citation)
… exhaustion was also related to job performance (Cropanzano et al., 2003). (subsequent citation)

For more than six authors, use the “et al.” form even for the first citation. But the matching reference at the end of the article should include a complete list of the authors.
When citing the same manuscript more than once in the same paragraph, provide the date during the initial citation. For subsequent citations in the same paragraph, use only the names of the author(s).

References
Include an alphabetically ordered list of the works you have cited in your article. This list should begin on a separate page headed REFERENCES. As this is a major heading, the word “REFERENCES” should be centered, in all capital letters, and bold-faced.

References should follow hanging indentation format. Specially, the first line should be flush with the left margin. Subsequent lines should be indented.

Journal or Periodical
Periodical entries follow this form: Authors’ Last Names, Initials. Year. Title of article or paper (in lowercase letters except for the first letter of the first word and the first word after a long dash or colon). Name of Periodical, volume number (issue number if needed): page numbers.

Examples:
Pranee, S., & Papapankaid, C. (2017). Factors affecting purchasing decision of community products in Ranong province. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 3(2), 79-83.
Nugraha, P. A., & Indrawati. (2017). The effect of social media experiential marketing towards customers’ satisfaction (A study in Chingu Korean fan cafe Bandung Indonesia). International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 3(2), 56-63.
Rehman, S. (2017). Impact of career development on organizational commitment. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 3(3), 100-111.
Taiwan, A., Na-Nan, K., & Ngudgratoke, S. (2017). Relationship among personality, transformational leadership, percerived organizational support, expatriate adjustment, and expatriate performance. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 3(4), 129-141.
Humaid, N., Shahrom, M., & Abdullah, Q. A. (2018). The effect of innovation success factors towards organizational performance in automotive industry. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies 4(3), 129-136. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.20469/ijbas.4.10005-3

Books
Book entries follow this form: Authors’ or Editors’ Last Names, Initials. Year. Title of book. (Book titles are italicized and typed in lowercase letters except for the first letter of the first word and the first word after a long dash or colon). City Where Published, State or Country (add only if needed to identify the city, and use U.S. Postal Service abbreviations for states): Name of Publisher. Please note and follow the punctuation used in these and subsequent examples.

Examples:
Nieuwenhuizen, C., Badenhorst-Weiss, H., Rossouw, D., Brevis, T., & Cant, M. (2008). Business management: A contemporary approach. Juta and Company Ltd.

Chapter in Book
Chapters in books follow this form: Authors’ Last Names, Initials. Year. Title of chapter (in lowercase letters except for the first letter of the first word and first word after a colon). In Editors’ Initials and Last Names (Eds.), Title of book: page numbers. City Where Published, State or Country (only if necessary to identify the city): Name of Publisher.

Examples:
Berg, N. A. (1973). Corporate role in diversified companies. In B. Taylor & I. MacMillan (Eds.), Business policy: Teaching and research (pp. 298-347). New York: Wiley.
Roberts, F. S. (1976). Strategy for the energy crisis: The case of commuter transportation policy. In R. Axelrod (Ed.), Structure of decision (pp. 142-179). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Working Paper, Conference Paper and Dissertation
Unpublished papers, dissertations, and presented papers should be listed in the references using the following formats:

Examples:
Duncan, R. G. (1971). Multiple decision-making structures in adapting to environmental uncertainty (Working paper no. 54-71). Northwestern University Graduate School of Management, Evanston, IL.
Smith, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Texas, Austin, TX
Wall, J. P. (1983). Work and nonwork correlates of the career plateau. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Dallas, TX.

Electronic Document
A reference to an electronic document should include the author’s name, if known; the full title of the document; the full title of the work it is part of, if there is one; the ftp, http, or other address; and the date the document was accessed.
Example:
Rogelberg, S. G., & Rupp, D. E. (2014). Ethical practices of journal authors: Voluntary code of conduct. Retrieved from https://editorethics.uncc.edu/code.aspx

Submit Online

Authors should kindly note that submission implies that the content has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere except as a brief abstract in the proceedings of a scientific meeting or symposium.
Once the submission materials have been prepared in accordance with the Author Guidelines, manuscripts should be submitted online.

Or you can send your manuscript to the editor at editor.ijbas@kkgpublications.com.

Peer review is one of the key steps leading to the final publication of the research manuscripts. Reviewers are the people mainly responsible for conducting this review successfully. It is the process through which the research entries are validated and their originality is ensured.

The Peer-Review Policy can be viewed here.

Peer Review Significance

Peer Reviewers are responsible for fulfilling the following duties:

• They ensure that the journal is furnished with the most relevant studies.
• They bring forward the earlier studies that can contribute to the journal.
• They check for grammatical, statistical and technical mistakes in the research manuscripts and appraise the validity of the conclusion that the research offers.

Peer Review Goals

Peer Review is the most pragmatic means of assessing the research efforts and it provides opportunities for successful and effective publication of the most authentic works by meeting the following goals:

• Evaluation – Peer review evaluates all the research entries to come up with the best entries of all.
• Integrity – Peer review gives priority to the integrity of the research and the scholars. All the works that pass the review phase successfully become eligible for being published in the specified journals.
• Quality – By filtering and reviewing the manuscripts, Peer Reviewers help the authors refine their researches for publication. It is a way by which the authors can take valuable insights directly from the experts.

IJBAS published four times a year (March, June, September, December)

International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies (IJBAS) is currently abstracted and indexed in the following databases:

1. EBSCOhost (USA)
2. Business Source Ultimate (EBSCO) (USA)
3. EBSCO Discovery Services (USA)
4. Ulrich’s Periodicals Directory (USA)
5. Academic Resource Index – Research Bib
6. Cabell’s Directories (USA)
7. RePec
8. American Sociological Association (ASA) (USA)
9. Crossref (USA)
10. Google Scholar
11. Dimensions (UK)
12. Latindex Directory (Spain)
13. MIAR Database (Spain)
14. ROAD- Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (France)
15. Mendeley (UK)
16. Publons (New Zealand)
17. SSRN (USA)
18. Academia (USA)
19. OCLC (USA)
20. WorldCat (USA)
21. Index Copernicus (Poland)
22. ProQuest (Clarivate)

This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

All the peer-reviewed research articles published in this journal are given open access. This feature makes the articles universally and freely accessible over internet for as many times as desired by the users, and is available in a reader-friendly format right after publication.

All articles will get published as per the requirements of the following license:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND): This license entitles the third party users to use the content for non-commercial purposes, distribute and copy the article, and include the content in any collective work (such as an anthology), with the condition that the author(s) will be given due credit and no alteration or modification will be done in the article.

Editors are responsible to ensure:

• In order to guarantee the eminence of research all steps required for evaluation are properly followed. In the same sense the decision regarding acceptance, rejection, major and minor revision is followed by the standard quality guidelines of journal.
• While submission of paper author has to clarify that the pertinent work is not under consideration for publication anywhere else. Along with this Editor along with any other relevant person is not permitted to submit the particular work with anyone else other than corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers and the publisher.
• The use of unpublished research work is followed by the proper written consent of the original author.
• The evaluation of the manuscript is solely based upon the eminence of research incorporated in the paper and is completely free from any bias.

Reviewers will have following obligations:

• The efficient blinded peer review process makes significant input in the decisions of editors as well as offers opportunity to improve the work as per quality standard.
• All the manuscripts submitted for peer review necessarily should be taken as secret essays and should not be disclosed to third person other than an authoritative person by the editor.
• If it is not possible for the concerned reviewer to review the manuscript within stated time, then he/she must inform the editor or if reviewer feels that he/she is lacking subject expertise required to review the particular manuscript then he/she has responsibility to share it with the editor.
• The reviewer should necessarily evaluate that all cited research work whether is backed by the already published work or not. It is obligatory for reviewer that all material cited in the article is supported with the sufficient citations and should dig out the work that has already been published but not cited by the author. If reviewer comes to know any association between the submitted manuscript and any already published work about which they have personal information, then reviewer must report to editor.
• Personal critique on author is not allowed. Referees views should be supporting for the authors.

Authors must know that:

• The manuscripts having plagiarism above the tolerable levels are not considered for the review. Relevant person should check the plagiarism with keen attention in order to ensure the originality of the manuscript.
• Author should ensure that submitted work is not under consideration for review with intention of final publication with any other journal. It is unethical in research that single work should be under consideration for review with multiple journals.
• Authors have responsibility to clearly mention about the possible reaction of the chemicals, procedures or equipment used in the research if applicable.
• The authorship of the manuscript should be limited towards the real contributor of the paper. Authors’ names should be followed by level of their contribution. The corresponding author of the paper must ensure that all authors are original authors.

International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies strictly adhere to guidelines set out by the COPE Code of Conduct for Journal Editors to treat misconduct. Researchers has obligation to follow best practices and a code of ethics of some relevant regularity authorities (national or international) before conducting their research and submitting their articles.

In publishing, research misconduct cases are rare. However, to encounter such situation and challenges IJBAS has a comprehensive publishing ethics guide.

Ethical Issues and Dealing with Possible Misconduct

It must be noted that there are two different cases of misconduct: Complex Scientific Fraud and Errors. Therefore, it becomes important to treat such type of cases with great care to avoid risk. Following actions are taken by KKG Publications to treat any misconduct.

1. Acting as neutral player and dealing misconduct with great confidentiality.
2. Written communication regarding such issues is kept in record including complainant evidence and allegation.
3. Issue of misconduct is raised with the suspected (co)author following a formal procedure.
4. Facts and findings are collected against what actually happened and decision is taken ensuring transparency.

Following are the possible type of misconduct or ethical issues that can take place in research.

1. Data Falsification
2. Duplicate Publication
3. Plagiarism
4. Undeclared conflict of interest
5. Authorship Issues

KKG publications has number of sanctions in its policies (ranked on the basis of severity) in which “Banning” decision by the editor is the most severe sanction. The publication as well as dissemination of the corrective notice is very important act. The corrective notice recognizes that misconduct took place and pinpoints the acting party that was leading that misconduct.

KKG Publications has explained number of other potential sanctions which are in order of severity. These include:

• Publication of erratum, corrigendum or a notice.
• Formal removal in few cases like invasion of privacy (ensuring that scientific record is maintained for such misconduct issues).
• The publication of a corrective notice (formal retraction) that has direct link to original article.
• Publishing an editorial that discusses the issue

The editor-in-chief should carefully weigh and consider all these sanctions while dealing with ant type of misconduct.

Complaint Policy

This procedure applies to complaints about the journal, its staff, editorial board or publisher, the policies, procedures, or actions of “International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies (IJBAS)” editorial staff. We welcome complaints as they provide an opportunity for improvement, and we will provide a quick and constructive response.
Complaints related to International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies (IJBAS) should be directed in the first instance to the Editorial Team at editor.ijbas@kkgpublications.com.
Complaints will be investigated according to recommendations by the Committee on Publication Ethics (see COPE Flowcharts). If complainants are unsatisfied with the response, they may contact the Publisher, editor@kkgpublications.com or e-mail your complaint at complaints@kkgpublications.com with clear identification of the complaint nature and source of an address.
We presume that complaints should be based on the failure of the process (severe misjudgment, a long delay, or a rude response), not a simple disagreement with editorial decisions.
IJBAS addresses the following complaints:

• Authorship complaints
• Plagiarism complaints
• Multiple, duplicate, concurrent publication/Simultaneous submission
• Research results misappropriation and data fabrication
• Allegations of research errors and fraud
• Research standards violations
• Undisclosed conflicts of interest
• Reviewer bias or competitive harmful acts by reviewers

Complaints handling policy

If the Publisher receives a complaint that any contribution to the Journal infringes intellectual property rights or contains material inaccuracies, libelous materials or otherwise unlawful materials, we will investigate the complaint. The investigation may include a request that the parties involved substantiate their claims. The Publisher will determine whether to remove the allegedly wrongful material. If the complaint lacks sufficient foundation, the material will not be removed. Complaint investigations and decisions will be documented. Our goal is to ensure the highest quality of our journals; however, we accept that occasional mistakes might happen.
All complaints will be acknowledged by email. If possible, a definitive response will be made within two weeks. If this is not possible, an interim response will be given within two weeks. Interim responses will be provided until the complaint is finally resolved. If the complainant remains unsatisfied, complaints will be escalated to the editor, whose decision is final.

Library Catalogue

Biblioteca Nacional de España
International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies is committed to the permanent availability and preservation of scholarly research published in IJBAS. IJBAS is keeping digital archive with Biblioteca Nacional de España (digital library of the National Library of Spain).
IJBAS also offer its authors to make their research publically accessible, free from payment and any embargo period through Green Open Access Policy.

Green Open Access: Archiving and Sharing Policy

You may share the Original Submission or Accepted Manuscript at any time and in any format. Your sharing of the Original Submission or Accepted Manuscript may include posting a downloadable copy on any website, saving a copy in any repository or network, sharing a copy through any social media channel, and distributing print or electronic copies.
You may use the Final Published PDF (or Original Submission or Accepted Manuscript, if preferred) in the following ways:

• in relation to your own teaching, provided that any electronic distribution maintains restricted access
• to share on an individual basis with research colleagues, provided that such sharing is not for commercial purposes
• in your dissertation or thesis, including where the dissertation or thesis will be posted in any electronic Institutional Repository or database
• in a book authored or edited by you, at any time after the Contribution’s publication in the journal.

Provided that:

• Access to the Original Submission and Accepted Manuscript is provided at no charge.
• Any re-use terms for users of websites and repositories (where your Original Submission or Accepted Manuscript are posted) are restricted to non-commercial and no derivative uses.
• You may not post the Final Published PDF on any unrestricted website or repository without permission from KKG Publications.
• You may not republish or translate any version of your Contribution in another journal without prior permission from KKG Publications.
• The journal as the original publication of your Contribution is appropriately credited by including the full citation information each time your Contribution, or excerpts, are further distributed or re-used.
• After your Contribution has been accepted for publication and until it is assigned a DOI, please include a statement that your Contribution has been accepted for publication in the journal.
• Once full citation information for your Contribution is available, please include this with your posted Contribution, in a format similar to the following:

Author(s), Contribution Title, Journal Title (Journal Volume Number and Issue Number) pp. xx-xx. Copyright © [year] (Copyright Holder). DOI: [DOI number].

How conflicts of interest are managed justly has a deep impact on the public trust in the scientific process and the credibility of published articles particularly during the processes of planning, implementation, writing, peer review, editing, and publication of scientific work. When a primary interest (such as patients’ welfare or the validity of research) takes impact from a secondary interest (such as financial gain), a conflict of interest is likely to arise. Understanding the conflict of interest is as crucial as the conflict of interest itself. Financial relationships (such as employment, consultancies, stock ownership or options, honoraria, patents, and paid expert testimony) are the most obvious types of conflicts of interest and can damage the credibility of the journal, the authors, and the field of science under study. However, conflicts can also be the result of some other factors, such as personal relationships or adversities, academic competition, and intellectual opinions. Authors should refrain from signing any such agreement with the study sponsors that is likely to hinder the authors’ access to the complete study’s data or their right to analyze and interpret the data and independent manuscript submission as per their demand, no matter if it is for-profit or non-profit.

Participants of peer-review and publication process i.e., authors, peer reviewers, editors, and editorial board members of journals, should be aware of their conflicts of interest and need to perform their part in the article review and publication accordingly. If they have any relationships leading to conflicts of interest in their knowledge, they are required to disclose them.

Authors: Authors should disclose all the financial and personal relationships leading to conflict or biases at the time of submission of manuscripts of any type or format. The KKG Publications has designed a Form for Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest to be signed for the articles that are about to be published.

Peer Reviewers: During the critical evaluation, reviewers should be asked to disclose all those conflicts of interest that can possibly impede the review process. Reviewers should inform the editors of any such conflicts of interest that can make their judgment biased towards a manuscript, and should avoid the review of such manuscripts that have a strong risk of obtaining a biased evaluation. Reviewers need to respect the authors’ rights over the manuscripts by not using or misusing the manuscript’s knowledge for personal gains.

Editors and Journal Staff: Editors, in the presence of conflicts of interest, should stop the editorial decision-making. In case some conflict-creating relationships exist for the articles under consideration, editors should do the same. Other editorial staff members having a say in the editorial decisions need to inform the editors of their current financial interests or other conflicts (that may influence the editorial judgments somehow) and should recuse from the decision likely to be afflicted by any sort of conflict of interest. Editorial staff should also handle the content of manuscripts responsibly and ethically by not utilizing it for personal interests. Editors should declare through disclosure statements regularly the conflicts of interests related to the roles of the journal staff. Same guidelines need to be followed by the guest editors.

Reporting Conflicts of Interest

Articles that are about to be published should contain statements or supporting documents, such as conflict of interest form, affirming: – Authors’ conflicts of interest; and – Sources of support for the work, including sponsor names with descriptions of the role of those sources if any in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; report compilation; the decision of getting the report published or a statement assuring of no link with the supporting source; and – proof of the authors’ access to the study data, while defining the nature and the extent of access, with special reference to its on-going nature if applicable. For validating the above-mentioned statements or documents, editors may contact the authors of a study who might have funding sponsors with a proprietary or financial interest and ask them to sign a statement, “I had full access to all of the data in this study and I take complete responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.”

Author Declaration Form

“International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies (IJBAS)” is the official journal of Academic Research and Solutions Sociedad (ARS) Catalunya. IJBAS is published by KKG Publications.

When authors submit a paper to IJBAS for reviewing and publishing they retain their copyright, but agree to grant non-exclusive publishing rights to IJBAS and agree that the paper will be published under a Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, if the paper is accepted for publication. Authors are encouraged to read carefully their rights. We believe this approach ensures a fair arrangement for the both parties. The license granted to IJBAS allows the Journal to edit and typeset the paper which will be included in a forthcoming issue and distributed it in any online and offline medium that the journal deems necessary in order to promote the paper, the authors and IJBAS.

For more information about the Creative Commons Licences please visit: https://creativecommons.org