Zero energy building design could be realized by passive design. Having energy conservation concepts and active mechanical renewable energy generation systems could be considered as passive technique. This concept becomes a very interesting technique in countries that consume a lot of energy for their domestic sector. The purpose of the recent paper is to investigate the effect of hybrid construction material that merges phase change material, PCM walls for heat load minimization and transparent solar cells, and TSC in the windows for electricity generation for the purpose of illumination in such typical design. PCMs could be used for storing thermal energy and utilizing this energy during different annual seasons by absorption or release mechanisms to keep the building’s inside temperature at thermal comfort state. While TSC,s are substances that allow partial Sun light penetration for illumination during day and use the other part for electricity generation at night. The paper introduce a typical architectural design for residential building that utilizes such type of constructional material for energy saving and analyzes thermal effectiveness of using PCM and power production effectiveness of using TSC as passive technique integrated with the zero-energy building envelope. Proper modeling tool has been used to investigate the impact of these materials on the thermal comfort perceived by the occupants. Results show that using such type of hybrid materials reduces annual energy consumption. It has been concluded that the passive structural heat isolation and power production material is a very effective manner in countries like Iraq which has severe temperature differences between summer and winter seasons.

1. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, “Thermal environmental conditions for human occupancy, ashrae standard,” 2013. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/YaNNXN
2. F. Ansari, A. Mokhtar, K. Abbas, and N. Adam, “A simple approach for building cooling load estimation,” American Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 209–212, 2005. doi: 10.3844/ajessp.2005.209.212
3. N. A. Mahardiono and I. Djunaedi, “Piecewise affine modelling of hybrid control systems in solar cell-battery-supercapacitor,” Journal of Advances in Technology and Engineering Research, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 35–39, 2015. doi: 10.20474/-jater1.1.5
4. Sugiyatno, I. Djunaedi and N. A. Mahardiono, “Modelling and simulation of hybrid control system in solar cell-battery-super capacitor,” International Journal of Technology and Engineering Studies, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 74–80, 2017. doi: 10. 20469/ijtes.40002-3
5. E. Perlova, M. Platonova, A. Gorshkov, and X. Rakova, “Concept project of zero energy building,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 100, pp. 1505–
   1514, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.522
6.  A. M. Khudhair and M. M. Farid, “A review on energy conservation in building applications with thermal storage by latent heat using phase change materials,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 263–275, 2004.
7. M. S. Imran, A. Baharun, S. HalipahIbrahim and W. A. W. Z. Abidin, “Evaluation of low cost radiant cooling panel in a test room with passively cooled water,” Journal of Advances in Technology and Engineering Research, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 211– 218, 2017. doi: 10.20474/jater-3.5.5
8.  B. Zalba, J. M. Marın, L. F. Cabeza, and H. Mehling, “Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 251–283, 2003. doi: 10. 1016/s1359-4311(02)00192-8
   
9.  Y. Dutil, D. R. Rousse, N. B. Salah, S. Lassue, and L. Zalewski, “A review on phase-change materials: Mathematical modeling and simulations,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 112–130, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2010. 06.011
10. E. M. Alawadhi, “Thermal analysis of a building brick containing phase change material,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 351–357, 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.03.001
11. A. Castell, I. Martorell, M. Medrano, G. Pérez, and L. F. Cabeza, “Experimental study of using pcm in brick constructive solutions for passive cooling,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 534–540, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.10.022
12.  H. B. Madessa, “A review of the performance of buildings integrated with phase change material: Opportunities for application in cold climate,” Energy Procedia, vol. 62, pp. 318–328, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.393
13.  J. S. J, “Optimization of pcm melting temperature to reach zero energy buildings,” in International Conference ISERD, Frankfurt, Germany, 2017
14. F. Guarino, V. Dermardiros, Y. Chen, J. Rao, A. Athienitis, M. Cellura, and M. Mistretta, “PCM thermal energy storage in buildings: Experimental study and applications,” Energy Procedia, vol. 70, pp. 219–228, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.02. 118
15.  A. de Gracia and L. F. Cabeza, “Phase change materials and thermal energy storage for buildings,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 103, pp. 414–419, 2015. doi: 10.1533/9781782420965.2.325
16. N. S. Lewis, “Toward cost-effective solar energy use,” Science, vol. 315, no. 5813, pp. 798–801, 2007. doi: 10.1002/9780470974704.ch17
17.  K. Zhang, C. Qin, X. Yang, A. Islam, S. Zhang, H. Chen, and L. Han, “High-performance, transparent, dye-sensitized solar cells for see-through photovoltaic windows,” Advanced Energy Materials, vol. 4, no. 11, pp. 130–196, 2014. doi: 10.1002/aenm.201301966
18.  P. Selvaraj, H. Baig, T. K. Mallick, J. Siviter, A. Montecucco, W. Li, M. Paul, T. Sweet, M. Gao, and A. R. Knox, “Enhancing the efficiency of transparent dye-sensitized solar cells using concentrated light,” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 175, pp. 29–34, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.solmat.2017. 10.006
19. R. R. Lunt and V. Bulovic, “Transparent, nearinfrared organic photovoltaic solar cells for window and energy-scavenging applications,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 98, no. 11, pp. 61–67, 2011. doi: 10.1063/1.3567516
20. E. Fortunato, D. Ginley, H. Hosono, and D. C. Paine, “Transparent conducting oxides for photovoltaics,” MRS Bulletin, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 242–247, 2007. doi: 10.1002/9780470974704.ch17
21. A. W. Izzat, “Feasibility study of power saving based on using emmedue m2 building system,” Journal of Engineering, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 3257–3267, 2008.
    
22. American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning, “Ashrae handbook, fundamentals,” 2001. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/nQ9z8
23. American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, “Ashrae standard 62-standard for ventilation required for minimum acceptable indoor air quantity 81,” 2001. [Online]. Available: https://goo.gl/CsznWy

A. W. Ezzat, I. A. Wahbi, and Z. A. Wahbi, “Hybrid PCM and transparent solar cells in zero energy buildings,” International Journal of Technology and Engineering Studies, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 102-111. 2018.