Three-dimensional (3D) printing is now one of the most essential industrial production technologies. However, the most commonly used material in Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) technology is Acrylonitrile Butadien Styrene (ABS), has excellent mechanical properties. During the last few decades, researchers have focused on issues related to self-healing materials. However, because of their low mechanical strength, self-healing materials have yet to find widespread application. In this work, the behaviour of polymeric beams made of TPU “roller” materials and their responses under load is developed. One type of 3D-printed beam was designed to test different force ranges (0–0.73575 N) and deflection resolutions (15 mm–19 mm) with respect to the length. An assessment was also made of the self-healing mechanism, which encompasses the intrinsic and extrinsic techniques for each application. In terms of an extrinsic procedure, external healing agents such as micro-capsules were introduced into the system. But we came up with a way to estimate the length of the crack tip based on the relationship between the force applied and the load frame’s movement. Origami capsule-based healing systems are a well-known technology that has multiple uses in smart materials

1. C. Bucknall, I. Drinkwater, and G. Smith, “Hot plate welding of plastics: Factors affecting weld strength,” Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 432–440, 1980. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.760200609
2. D. Liu, C. Lee, and X. Lu, “Repairability of impact-induced damage in SMC composites,” Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 27, no. 13, pp.
   1257–1271, 1993. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/002199839302701302
3. T. Osswald and G. Menges, “Failure and damage of polymers,” in Materials science of polymers for engineers. Munich, Germany: Hanser Publishers, 2003, p. 447.
4. V. S. C. Chillara, L. M. Headings, and M. J.Dapino, “Self-folding laminated composites for smart origami structures,” in Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, Colorado, CO, 2015. doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2015-8968
5. M. E. Belowich and J. F. Stoddart, “Dynamic imine chemistry,” Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 41, no. 6, pp. 2003–2024, 2012. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CS15305J
6. B. Willocq, J. Odent, P. Dubois, and J.-M. Raquez, “Advances in intrinsic self-healing polyurethanes and related composites,” RSC Advances, vol. 10, no. 23, pp. 13 766–13 782, 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA01394C
7. Z. P. Zhang, M. Z. Rong, and M. Q. Zhang, “Mechanically robust, self-healable, and highly stretchable “living” crosslinked polyurethane based on a reversible C-C bond,” Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 28, no. 11, p. 1706050, 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201706050
8. M. D. Almutairi, A. I. Aria, V. K. Thakur, and M. A. Khan, “Self-healing mechanisms for 3Dprinted polymeric structures: From lab to reality,” Polymers, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1–27, 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12071534
9. J. C. Butler, A. J. Vigliotti, F. W. Verdi, and S. M. Walsh, “Wireless, passive, resonant-circuit, inductively coupled, inductive strain sensor,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 102, no. 1-2, pp. 61–66, 2002. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-4247(02)00342-4
10. D. J. Cohen, D. Mitra, K. Peterson, and M. M. Maharbiz, “A highly elastic, capacitive strain gauge based on percolating nanotube networks,” Nano Letters, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 1821–1825, 2012. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl204052z
11. L. Laloui, M. Nuth, and L. Vulliet, “Experimental and numerical investigations of the behaviour of a heat exchanger pile,” International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, vol. 30, no. 8, pp. 763–781, 2006. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.499
12. K. Lim, C. Chew, P. Chen, S. Jeyapalina, H. Ho, J. Rappel, and B. Lim, “New extensometer to measure in vivo uniaxial mechanical properties of human skin,” Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 931–936, 2008.
13. J. Hale and M. Chapman, “Design, installation and calibration of a strain gauge structural monitoring system for a timber windmill,” Experimental Techniques, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 45–53, 2014. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.2011.00801.x
14. M. Moayyedian, J. F. Derakhshandeh, and S. H. Lee, “Optimization of strain measurement procedure based on fuzzy quality evaluation and taguchi experimental design,” SN Applied Sciences, vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 1–11, 2019. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1428-x
15. A. Kumar, S. K. Chaturvedi, V. Chaturvedi, and R. C. Yadaw, “Design studies and optimization of position of strain gauge,” International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 1–4, 2012.
16. Y. Yamagata, X. Lu, Y. Sekiguchi, and C. Sato, “Experimental investigation of mode I fracture energy of adhesively bonded joints under impact loading conditions,” Applied Adhesion Science, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40563-017-0087-7
17. J. K. Banshiwal and D. N. Tripathi, “Self-healing polymer composites for structural application,” in Functional Materials. London, UK: IntechOpen, 2019.
18. G. Yıldırım, A. H. Khiavi, S. Ye¸silmen, and M. ¸Sahmaran, “Self-healing performance of aged cementitious composites,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 87, pp. 172–186, 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.01.004
19. M. Alazhari, T. Sharma, A. Heath, R. Cooper, and K. Paine, “Application of expanded perlite encapsulated bacteria and growth media for selfhealing concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 160, pp. 610–619, 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.11.086
20. O. Teall, M. Pilegis, R. Davies, J. Sweeney, T. Jefferson, R. Lark, and D. Gardner, “A shape memory polymer concrete crack closure system activated by electrical current,” Smart Materials and Structures, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1–12, 2018. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aac28a
21. J. W. Pang and I. P. Bond, “A hollow fibre reinforced polymer composite encompassing self-healing and enhanced damage visibility,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 65, no. 11-12, pp. 1791–1799, 2005. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.03.008 

M. D. Almutairi, and M. A. Khan, “Experimental investigation of polymeric beam under elastic and plastic loads,” International Journal of Applied and Physical Sciences, vol. 8, pp. 15-21, 2022. Doi:  https://dx.doi.org/10.20469/ijaps.8.50003