International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies (IJBAS) is official journal sponsored by Academic Research and Solutions Sociedad (ARS), Barcelona Catalonia, Spain.

Article Processing Charges

IJBAS publishes all the articles in open access which are free to access, read and print. This convenience is made possible by sponsorship amount coming from Academic Research and Solutions Sociedad (ARS) Catalunya and other academic and research societies that covers the costs of various publishing services and facilities such as online tools for editors and authors, article production and hosting, liaison with abstracting and indexing services, and customer services. There is no charge for submitting/publishing a manuscript in the International Journal of and Business and Administrative Studies (IJBAS). In addition, there is no subscription fee.

Editors are responsible to ensure:

• In order to guarantee the eminence of research all steps required for evaluation are properly followed. In the same sense the decision regarding acceptance, rejection, major and minor revision is followed by the standard quality guidelines of journal.
• While submission of paper author has to clarify that the pertinent work is not under consideration for publication anywhere else. Along with this Editor along with any other relevant person is not permitted to submit the particular work with anyone else other than corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers and the publisher.
• The use of unpublished research work is followed by the proper written consent of the original author.
• The evaluation of the manuscript is solely based upon the eminence of research incorporated in the paper and is completely free from any bias.

Reviewers will have following obligations:

• The efficient blinded peer review process makes significant input in the decisions of editors as well as offers opportunity to improve the work as per quality standard.
• All the manuscripts submitted for peer review necessarily should be taken as secret essays and should not be disclosed to third person other than an authoritative person by the editor.
• If it is not possible for the concerned reviewer to review the manuscript within stated time, then he/she must inform the editor or if reviewer feels that he/she is lacking subject expertise required to review the particular manuscript then he/she has responsibility to share it with the editor.
• The reviewer should necessarily evaluate that all cited research work whether is backed by the already published work or not. It is obligatory for reviewer that all material cited in the article is supported with the sufficient citations and should dig out the work that has already been published but not cited by the author. If reviewer comes to know any association between the submitted manuscript and any already published work about which they have personal information, then reviewer must report to editor.
• Personal critique on author is not allowed. Referees views should be supporting for the authors.

Authors must know that:

• The manuscripts having plagiarism above the tolerable levels are not considered for the review. Relevant person should check the plagiarism with keen attention in order to ensure the originality of the manuscript.
• Author should ensure that submitted work is not under consideration for review with intention of final publication with any other journal. It is unethical in research that single work should be under consideration for review with multiple journals.
• Authors have responsibility to clearly mention about the possible reaction of the chemicals, procedures or equipment used in the research if applicable.
• The authorship of the manuscript should be limited towards the real contributor of the paper. Authors’ names should be followed by level of their contribution. The corresponding author of the paper must ensure that all authors are original authors.

Academic Research and Solutions Sociedad (ARS) sponsors all costs associated with publishing an Open Access article in the International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies (IJBAS). IJBAS is published under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND).

Naming authors on research articles confirms that the individuals who actually contribute get credit, and are responsible, for the research. When scientists’ relationships with respect to their work are misrepresented intentionally, it leads to misconduct that drastically affects the reporting of research work.

We believe, in the face of the prevailing challenges to authorship, its indispensable to set certain rules to manage authorship. No universal definition of authorship exists. However, an “author” is generally defined as an individual who has significantly contributed to the research work.

As per the guidelines established by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), all individuals credited as authors must meet the set criteria for authorship that consists of following basic three points:

• Substantial Intellectual contribution in the study idea, conceptual framework, data collection and analysis and results interpretation.
• Draft or revise the article for conceptual content.
• Approve the final form of manuscript for publication.

A “co-author” is considered to be any person who significantly participate in the scholarly work and who is also responsible and accountable for the research results.
There are some other general guidelines that must be follow and vary from field to field.

1. Authors for journal article must take confirmation from all co-authors for authority and to act on their behalf.
2. The order for authorship must be based on a joint decision of all co-authors.
3. Other individuals who do not fulfil the authorship criteria but are involved in reported work, should be listed as “Contributors”.

When a manuscript has been prepared collectively by two or multiple authors, KKG needs a “Corresponding author” to be selected because it seems impractical for KKG to get names for all co-authors to sign the Publishing Agreement warranties.
While signing a publishing Agreement, the Corresponding Author confirms that:

1. All co-authors have authorized him/her to act on their behalf as an agent.
2. All co-authors have conveyed their consent that he/she can sign the Publishing Agreement as their agent.
3. The order of names is approved by all co-authors.

When the authorship issues are not properly addressed, it can give rise to disputes. These disputes may be based on misconduct such as misrepresenting one’s role or some may be due to question of interpretation regarding substantiality of others contributions. In addition, non-listing of contributors, displaying or removing one’s name without his/her permission may also become a potential issue.

In cases when complains are files over certain disputes, an editor may conduct an investigation with author’s institution to resolve the issue.

Once the article has been accepted, no changes whether addition or removal of a co-author will be allowed. The corresponding author will be responsible and accountable that all information given against co-authors like email, address and contact number are correct.

Information for Authors

All submissions should be done through Word Processing file from which title page (including author name and affiliation and any acknowledgments or author notes) must be removed. After removing the author(s) detail go to the web site here and follow the directions. Each article usually has two part, i. Main Manuscript and ii. Title Page not for Review. The manuscript should include everything (i.e. title, abstract, key words, introduction, literature review, methods, results, findings references, tables and graphs) other than the authors, names, affiliation, addresses, acknowledgements, and any other information that may be used to identify the author(s).

Criteria for Publication

For the publication in IJBAS, a manuscript must make strong theoretical and empirical contributions to the field of business. Authors who are interested in publishing with IJBAS should strive to produce original, interesting, valuable, insightful, and important research. The acceptance of article for publication highly depends upon the originality, value, importance, and significance. Submissions that do not have strong theoretical or empirical contribution will not be reviewed.

Each submitted manuscript would be assigned to action editor for evaluation. The action editor will decide whether to forward the manuscript to the reviewers. Typically, papers should be no longer than 40 double-spaced pages (using one-inch margins, left aligned, and Times New Roman 12-point font) including references, tables, figures, and appendices.

Submission Requirements

Before submitting a manuscript to IJBAS, the authors must make sure and confirm that,

• All authors have significantly contributed to the research.
• All authors are obliged to provide retractions or corrections of mistakes, in case of detection.
• List of references should be provided by authors.
• Information on financial support should be provided by authors.
• Their manuscript has not already been published, reviewed and submitted to any other journal during the review period at IJBAS. Articles presented and published in the proceedings of any academic conferences or workshops will be considered for publication in IJBAS.
• Their manuscript has not previously been submitted to IBAS for review.
• The working papers or prior drafts of submitted manuscript that are posted on a website (e.g., personal, departmental, university, organizational) or a database will be taken down during the review process.

Manuscript Preparation

Authors are required to prepare manuscripts in accordance with the Journal’s style guides for authors that appear below. If authors do not follow the guidelines, then their manuscript will be sent back to them for revision prior to submission to the full review process. All manuscript must be submitted in Microsoft Word form.

Template

The author can download the manuscript template here.

Publication of Accepted Articles

Accepted papers are copy-edited. Authors review edits in page proofs. IJBAS’s copy editor–production manager will contact you after the acceptance of your manuscript for publication. Manuscripts should be typed in a 12-point, Times New Roman font. They must be double spaced (including references, appendices, tables, and figures). This information should be right justified. Pages should measure 8.5 by 11 inches. Manuscript length should be limited to 50 pages inclusive of references, appendices, tables and figures.

Title

Title of the study should be written in 15 to 20 words. A title should be short, simple, easy to understand, and should be commonly searchable in Google. Don’t use a title that never comes in the mind of a reader.

Abstract

The following subheadings should be written exclusively within 300 words. So readers can follow this article quickly. If the abstract standard is not adequate, only the first stage can be revised.

1. The research objective: Simply say the intent of this study to readers.
2. Methods: name, brand, tool design, approach, program, analysis, and survey used to carry out this research.
3. Major conclusions: Write in just a few words the principal findings.
4. Applications of this research: give the field name, disciplines etc. Where this study can be helpful.
5. Newness/originality of this research: What fresh insight in this study can help readers or how current knowledge can be improved or new knowledge generated in this subject.

Only add in each field the related information. There is no need for discussion or explanation.

Keywords:
5 to 6 very specific keywords should be given. Avoid big phrases.

Main Document

The principal divisions of the manuscript should appear in the following order: body of the article, references, footnotes, tables, figures, and appendices. The body of the article begins immediately on page 1. The title of the paper should appear at the top of this first page. It should be centered, bold-faced, and in all capital letters. Number all pages, including those with references, appendices, tables, and figures. Group these, in the order just given, on separate pages at the end of the article. All main body paragraphs should be indented.
The manuscript (body, references, footnotes, table, figures and appendices) will be uploaded to the IJBAS as a single document called “main document” during the electronic submission process.

Headings

Main headings should be used to designate the major sections of an article. Within the main body of the paper, the major headings typically include such things as INTRODUCTION, METHOD, RESULTS, and DISCUSSION. Supporting material, such as references, tables, and appendices are also treated as major headings. In all cases, major headings should be centered, bold-faced, and typed in all capital letters.

INTRODUCTION

Objectives of the Study
Secondary headings should be typed flush with the left margin, in title case (small letters with major words beginning with capitals), and in bold. Example:
Data and sample: Third-order or paragraph headings should begin with a standard paragraph indention, be typed in sentence case (small letters with only the initial word capitalized), followed by a period, and in bold. The text should follow on the same line.
Tables and Figures
Useful tables and figures do not duplicate the text; they supplement and clarify it. Because tables and figures are considerably more expensive to prepare for publication than text, please carefully consider what they add to your manuscript’s impact.
Place each table or figure on a separate page. Double-space all text. Number tables and figures consecutively (one series for tables, one for figures) from the beginning to the end of the article. Indicate the position of each in the text as follows:

——————————
Insert Table 2 about here
——————————

Table Checklist

1. Center the word Table (in title case) and the number of the table (Arabic numeral) at the top of the page.
2. Center the title (in title case) under the table heading.
3. Report the results of only one type of analysis in each table.
4. Range headings across the top of the table. Do not add new headings in the body of the table.
5. Do not use abbreviations or computer code names for variables. Also, please do not use table notes. Use the same names you used in the text.
6. Use only two decimal places for statistics (except p-values, see next).
7. All reported statistical estimates (e.g., regression weights, mean differences) must have corresponding standard errors, and inferential statistics (t, z, or F, depending on which is most pertinent) with precise p values reported (e.g., p = .072, rounded to the third decimal place) rather than in star notation (*) or statistical significant cutoff bands (e.g., p < .05).
8. For most articles, the first table should report descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations, and a full correlation matrix. Correlations should fill the lower-left corner of the page.
9. To distinguish some numerals (for instance, to indicate which loadings define a factor), boldface type can be used. Do not use this option when other conventions, such as footnotes, are sufficient.
10. Use plain type in capital and small letters—no italic or bold, except as noted above.
11. Designate a general footnote that explains the whole table or a column, row, or item with a superscript small letter (a, b, c).

Figure Checklist

1. Center the word Figure (in title case) and the number of the figure (Arabic numeral) at the top of the page.
2. Center the title (in title case) under the Figure heading.
3. Spell out all words in the body of the figure.
4. Use the same variable names you used in the tables and text.
5. Avoid stacking words or numbers (listing characters vertically).
6. Make sure lines and graphic elements are crisp and clear.
7. Use letters for footnotes, as in tables.

Citations
Giving proper credit to the sources of original ideas and previous work is an important aspect of good scholarship. Inappropriate or inaccurate citations do not do justice to the authors cited and can be misleading to readers.
Citations should be made in the text by enclosing the cited authors’ names and the year of the work cited in parentheses.

Example:
Several studies (Ferris & Kacmar, 1992; Malhotra & Bazerman, 2008; Morrison, 1993a, 1993b) support this conclusion.

Please note the use of alphabetical order and ampersands. Also note that two or more works by the same author (or by an identical group of authors) published in the same year are distinguished by “a,” “b,” etc., added after the year.

Citations to the source of a direct quotation must give a page number or numbers; these follow the date of publication and are separated from it by a colon. Example: Adams has said that writing a book is “a long and arduous task” (1974: 3). Also cite page numbers when you paraphrase or summarize specific arguments or findings of authors.

If a work has two authors, give both names every time the work is cited in the text. If a work has between two and six authors, list all authors the first time it is cited, then use “et al.”

Example:
According to Cropanzano, Rupp, and Byrne, (2003) emotional exhaustion is related to work attitudes. (first citation)
… exhaustion was also related to job performance (Cropanzano et al., 2003). (subsequent citation)

For more than six authors, use the “et al.” form even for the first citation. But the matching reference at the end of the article should include a complete list of the authors.
When citing the same manuscript more than once in the same paragraph, provide the date during the initial citation. For subsequent citations in the same paragraph, use only the names of the author(s).

References
Include an alphabetically ordered list of the works you have cited in your article. This list should begin on a separate page headed REFERENCES. As this is a major heading, the word “REFERENCES” should be centered, in all capital letters, and bold-faced.

References should follow hanging indentation format. Specially, the first line should be flush with the left margin. Subsequent lines should be indented.

Journal or Periodical
Periodical entries follow this form: Authors’ Last Names, Initials. Year. Title of article or paper (in lowercase letters except for the first letter of the first word and the first word after a long dash or colon). Name of Periodical, volume number (issue number if needed): page numbers.

Examples:
Pranee, S., & Papapankaid, C. (2017). Factors affecting purchasing decision of community products in Ranong province. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 3(2), 79-83.
Nugraha, P. A., & Indrawati. (2017). The effect of social media experiential marketing towards customers’ satisfaction (A study in Chingu Korean fan cafe Bandung Indonesia). International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 3(2), 56-63.
Rehman, S. (2017). Impact of career development on organizational commitment. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 3(3), 100-111.
Taiwan, A., Na-Nan, K., & Ngudgratoke, S. (2017). Relationship among personality, transformational leadership, percerived organizational support, expatriate adjustment, and expatriate performance. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 3(4), 129-141.
Humaid, N., Shahrom, M., & Abdullah, Q. A. (2018). The effect of innovation success factors towards organizational performance in automotive industry. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies 4(3), 129-136. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.20469/ijbas.4.10005-3

Books
Book entries follow this form: Authors’ or Editors’ Last Names, Initials. Year. Title of book. (Book titles are italicized and typed in lowercase letters except for the first letter of the first word and the first word after a long dash or colon). City Where Published, State or Country (add only if needed to identify the city, and use U.S. Postal Service abbreviations for states): Name of Publisher. Please note and follow the punctuation used in these and subsequent examples.

Examples:
Nieuwenhuizen, C., Badenhorst-Weiss, H., Rossouw, D., Brevis, T., & Cant, M. (2008). Business management: A contemporary approach. Juta and Company Ltd.

Chapter in Book
Chapters in books follow this form: Authors’ Last Names, Initials. Year. Title of chapter (in lowercase letters except for the first letter of the first word and first word after a colon). In Editors’ Initials and Last Names (Eds.), Title of book: page numbers. City Where Published, State or Country (only if necessary to identify the city): Name of Publisher.

Examples:
Berg, N. A. (1973). Corporate role in diversified companies. In B. Taylor & I. MacMillan (Eds.), Business policy: Teaching and research (pp. 298-347). New York: Wiley.
Roberts, F. S. (1976). Strategy for the energy crisis: The case of commuter transportation policy. In R. Axelrod (Ed.), Structure of decision (pp. 142-179). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Working Paper, Conference Paper and Dissertation
Unpublished papers, dissertations, and presented papers should be listed in the references using the following formats:

Examples:
Duncan, R. G. (1971). Multiple decision-making structures in adapting to environmental uncertainty (Working paper no. 54-71). Northwestern University Graduate School of Management, Evanston, IL.
Smith, M. H. (1980). A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Texas, Austin, TX
Wall, J. P. (1983). Work and nonwork correlates of the career plateau. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Dallas, TX.

Electronic Document
A reference to an electronic document should include the author’s name, if known; the full title of the document; the full title of the work it is part of, if there is one; the ftp, http, or other address; and the date the document was accessed.
Example:
Rogelberg, S. G., & Rupp, D. E. (2014). Ethical practices of journal authors: Voluntary code of conduct. Retrieved from https://editorethics.uncc.edu/code.aspx

Submit Online

Authors should kindly note that submission implies that the content has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere except as a brief abstract in the proceedings of a scientific meeting or symposium.
Once the submission materials have been prepared in accordance with the Author Guidelines, manuscripts should be submitted online.

Or you can send your manuscript to the editor at editor.ijbas@kkgpublications.com.